Suchergebnisse

De que forma a evolução da estrutura institucional do Mercosul, desde sua criação até sua atual conformação, facilita a transformação de conflitos econômico-comerciais, de menor e maior grau, em conflitos políticos. Acredita-se que uma parte significativa dos conflitos no Mercosul poderia ser solucionada tecnicamente, sem resvalar nas relações políticas globais dos Estados membros, como tem ocorrido regularmente.

This article analyses how the issue of democracy protection has been incorporated into South American regionalism. It shows the motivation for building Democracy Clauses in regionalism and identify the challenges for its implementation. From 1985 to 2008, there was a progressive insertion of instruments related to democracy protection. Between 2009 and 2015 efforts were aimed at expanding regional autonomy to deal with political crises. As of 2016–2020 democracy has been used as an element of division between states. We identify the factors that help explain the changes observed which have resulted in the weakening of regionalism's contribution to democracy.

Este artigo analisa as relações de poder em um mundo onde as novas tecnologias digitais modificam as capacidades dos atores internacionais, tendo consequências diretas sobre os Estados nacionais e as instituições internacionais. As relações internacionais são abordadas a partir da discussão sobre a expansão do ciberespaço, procurando compreender como as sociedades reagem às mudanças no padrão de interação social e como os recursos de poder cibernético são utilizados pelas transnacionais das tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Destaca-se o papel crescente dos algoritmos na vida social e também como instrumento de poder, a fim de refletir sobre as transformações nos processos de socialização internacional e a crescente dificuldade para estabelecer consensos e convergir expectativas dos diferentes atores em torno de objetivos coletivos. Por fim, a maior pluralidade de atores com capacidades de influência no sistema internacional e a disputa para ter acesso, concentrar e manter recursos de poder cibernéticos são apresentados como um dos principais motivos das mudanças que vêm ocorrendo no cenário atual.

The aim of this article is to analyze the current dynamics of South American integration and the role played by Brazil in the region. The formation of Unasur evidences the projection of new themes and issues in regional cooperation, among which, the dimensions of security, infrastructure and financing. The projection of these issues opens up the possibility of change in historical dilemmas of cooperation and integration in South America and can offer new indications about the direction Brazilian foreign policy seeks to confer on regional integration. We intend to examine whether the sense of cooperation in South America has changed with the formation of Unasur, and to what extent it is possible to build a regional integration process that aims to strengthen national autonomy. Adapted from the source document.

Since the end of the Cold War, and especially since the 2000s, due to the increasing significance of regional powers in world politics, in order to understand global transformations, it has become crucial to examine how regional powers have been relating to their neighborhoods, complementing their global behavior analysis. Therefore, this work aims to characterize and analyze Brazilian relations with its neighbors (the other American countries), during 1985-2010, concerning Brazilian foreign policy towards the region, the architecture of regional institutions and the management of regional security and energy integration issues. The text is organized in four sections. After a brief introductory part, in the second section is examined how Brazilian foreign policy towards the neighborhood was designed in accordance with administrations and with shifts in the international scene. The third section brings two exams about South American regional integration: security and energy. These two themes were selected since in both cases it becomes clear how Brazilian behavior determines the prosperity (or not) of regional initiatives. In the end, the fourth section aims to synthesize the arguments, concluding the paper.